Rural America’s Drug Problem

Rural America makes up about 72 percent of our nation’s land area and houses 46 million residents.¹ One in five Americans lives in a rural area and many of them face unique challenges regarding substance abuse and treatment.² In recent years, poverty and unemployment in rural areas has increased, which has also increased community risks for addiction.

Here are some of the most recent statistics to put the rural substance abuse problem into perspective:

• Rural residents had higher rates of alcohol abuse, tobacco use, and methamphetamine abuse than urban residents in 2016.³
• In 2013, there were 10,265 people in the U.S. killed in crashes involving alcohol-impaired drivers. Rural areas accounted for 48% (4,915) of these fatalities.⁴
• 29% of all rural traffic fatalities in 2015 were alcohol-related.⁴
• In 2015, 11.5 million adults misused prescription pain relievers at least once in the previous year, with about 1.5 million of those adults in a rural area and about 1.2 million in a small metropolitan area.^5,6
• In 2016, methamphetamine use among rural adults ages 18 to 25 was six times higher than the rate of methamphetamine use among young urban adults of the same age.⁷
• In 2013, the rate of babies born with opioid withdrawal symptoms was 80% higher in rural areas than in urban areas.⁸

Drug Overdose Rates in Rural Areas Have Surpassed That of Urban Areas

Historically, drug overdose death rates were typically higher in urban areas than rural areas. But in 2015, reports revealed that the rural drug overdose rate was higher than the urban rate, at 17.0 per 100,000 residents vs. 16.2 per 100,000 residents.⁷

Prescription drug abuse and heroin overdose deaths were also two primary contributing factors in the increase in rural mortality rates between 1999 and 2001 and 2013 and 2015. During this timeframe, rural mortality increased more than 20 percent for 25 to 29-year-olds. Mortality rates also increased for rural adults between the ages of 20 and 24 and 30 and 54.¹

What Do People in Rural Communities Think About Opioid Abuse?

Rural communities have also not gone unscathed in the ongoing national opioid crisis. The USDA recently created a brand new webpage to address this issue, citing a Morning Consult survey that revealed the thoughts of rural residents concerning opioid addiction and abuse.⁹ Here are some of the survey’s main highlights:

• 74% of farmers say they have been directly impacted by the opioid crisis.⁹
• Three in four farmers say it would be easy for someone in their community to access opioids illegally, and 46% of rural adults say the same.¹⁰
• Three in four farmers (77%) and agriculture workers (76%) say it would be easy for someone in their community to get a large amount of prescription opioids or painkillers without a prescription.¹⁰
• 31% of rural adults are largely unaware that rural communities are impacted the most by the opioid crisis. They believe opioid abuse is more of a problem in urban communities.¹⁰
• One in three rural adults (34%) say it would be easy to access addiction treatment in their local community but only 38% believe it would be effective, covered by insurance, convenient, or affordable.¹⁰
• 68% of rural Americans believe increasing public education surrounding resources is an effective way to solve the opioid crisis. 57% believe reducing the stigma around opioid addiction would be an effective solution.¹⁰

The Harmful Impact of Drug Abuse in Rural Areas

Substance abuse and addiction have an extremely negative impact on the rural communities that it affects. Some of the primary effects include:

• Increased mortality rate¹
• Overworked and strained community resources (emergency response, law enforcement, and judicial and school system resources)⁹
• Increased health care demands⁹
• Loss of job productivity⁹
• Decrease in family stability (children being raised by grandparents or extended family because of addiction)⁹
• Reduced overall rural prosperity and quality of life⁹

Barriers to Drug Detox and Addiction Treatment in Rural Communities

Unlike residents of urban areas, many rural community members face unique challenges that may keep them from seeking out or completing drug and alcohol detox and rehab. According to SAMHSA, rural areas are particularly short on drug detox services, which is an essential part of the recovery process.¹¹

Many of the primary barriers to addiction treatment in rural areas involve poverty, lack of resources, limited transportation, and fewer resources. Here are some statistics that highlight the major problems and barriers to rural treatment.

• More than 1.6 million families living in rural locations did not have cars, creating a significant barrier to accessing behavioral health treatment and services.¹¹
• Only about 60 percent of U.S. counties have an outpatient substance use treatment facility that accepts Medicaid. Counties with a higher percentage of rural, Black, and/or uninsured residents are even less likely to have a Medicaid-funded treatment facility.¹¹
• Outpatient addiction treatment services are almost four times less likely to be available in rural hospitals than in urban hospitals (12.1 percent and 43.7 percent, respectively).¹¹
• Self-reported rates of prescription opioid misuse are higher among people living in rural locations, but only 3% of all opioid treatment programs are situated in rural areas.¹¹
• Rural areas severely lack behavioral healthcare professionals qualified to provide specialty addiction treatment. More than 75 percent of all U.S. counties are mental health shortage areas and half of all U.S. counties have no mental health professionals at all.¹¹
• Minorities in rural areas are more likely to be poor than minorities in urban areas, limiting their ability to pay for treatment. In 2014, the poverty rate for nonmetro African Americans was 36.9% compared with 26% for metro African Americans.¹¹

To effectively address rural America’s drug problem, more needs to be done to improve accessibility to treatment outside of urban areas, quality of care in rural areas, and the expansion of insurance coverage so more rural residents have more affordable options for substance abuse treatment.

Traveling for Detox Treatment

Many Texas residents choose to travel to a larger metropolitan area like Austin or Houston for detox treatment. Not only does this give them a fresh start and a new environment in which to tackle their substance abuse problems, but it also can provide a more individualized and high-quality treatment experience than may be available in a smaller town or rural area.

Briarwood has detox centers in Austin and Houston, providing medically-assisted drug detox and stabilization programs for addicted adults. If you or a loved one needs help overcoming a substance abuse problem, call Briarwood Detox Center to learn more about our programs, get more details about our facilities, or enroll in a program today. Immediate beds are available.

References:

1. https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/85740/eib-182.pdf?v=43054
2. https://www.centeronaddiction.org/the-buzz-blog/devastating-impact-addiction-rural-america-and-what%E2%80%99s-being-done-about-it
3. https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/substance-abuse
4. https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/812393
5. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUH-DetTabs-2015/NSDUH-DetTabs-2015/NSDUH-DetTabs-2015.pdf
6. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/report_3210/ShortReport-3210.pdf
7. https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2017/p1019-rural-overdose-deaths.html
8. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2016/12/14/study-rural-areas-see-increase-babies-born-opioid-addiction/95415314/
9. https://www.usda.gov/topics/opioids
10. https://www.fb.org/newsroom/survey-shows-massive-opioid-impact-in-farm-country-farm-groups-call-for-dia
11. https://store.samhsa.gov/shin/content/SMA16-4989/SMA16-4989.pdf